Caffeine is a methylated xenthine discovered in 1819 by Friedrich Ferdinand Runge, a German chemist. Sources of Caffeine include beans, fruit and leaves of some plants. Caffeine available for human consumption is most commonly extracted from the coffee plant cherries and tea bush leaves, as well as foods and drinks that contain products derived from the kola nut. Caffeine can temporarily reduce the sensation of being tired; however, this does not mean that it eliminates the need for sleep. Generally, twenty five to fifty milligrams of caffeine is enough for most consumers to report an increase in alertness and arousal. Caffeine should be not be consumed by those with fecal incontinence as it relaxes the internal anal sphincter muscles.

Ephedra Extract is extracted from the plant Ephedra sinica, It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of asthma and hay fever. Ephedra is used both as a stimulant and a thermogenic, which stimulates the brain, increases heart rate, increases blood pressure and expands bronchial tubes (making breathing easier). These effects are due to its ephedrine and pseudoephedrine content. Research also shows that it can be used as a precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine. Ephedra extracts are also used by athletes to enhance athletic performance. It is also used in supplements for weight loss.

Hoodia Gordonii is a water retaining plant, also known as a succulent, which grows without leafs. Being native to the south of Africa, it has been in use for an indeterminable amount of time as an appetite suppressant. It is very easily identifiable, because the flowers of this plant have a rotten meat odor. The ingredient of the plant which is responsible for the appetite suppressing effects has been named P57. It is a steroidal glycoside which seems to act directly to the central nervous system’s mechanisms and supposedly raises the content of adenosine triphosphate in brain by at least a half. The effects of P57 in trials were registered as capable to reduce food intake by some fifty per cent on a daily basis.

L-Tyrosine is a protein non-essential building block Although non-essential it is important for the structure of body proteins. It has a direct effect on neurotransmitters.

Phenylethlamine HCL is a salt of phenylethylamine. It is a crystalline solid and is formed by treating phenylethylamine with HCl. Its IUPAC name is 2 phenylethylamine HCl. The scientific name elucidates its chemical structure. It is an aromatic compound meaning that it has a basic benzene ring. It further has a two carbon chain attached at position 2 of the ring and the chain terminates in an amino group. It occurs naturally in some foods like chocolates but the food item might get metabolized too quickly sometimes for it to have a significant effect on the body. This substance has quite profound effects on the level of dopamine in the central nervous system, provided it passes the blood brain barrier. It increases dopamine level and at the same time inhibits dopamine transmitters resulting in a buildup of dopamine in the brain. While excessive levels of dopamine in the CNS are not healthy, the neurotransmitter does regulate cognition, mood, voluntary movement and other brain functions.

Raspberry Ketones come from a common fruit found in numerous countries. It is molecularly similar to capsaicin, found in chilli peppers, which has potent thermogenic properties. Raspberry Ketones greatly help decrease body fat. It helps in treating obesity by decreasing the absorption of fats and increasing norepinephine-induced fat breakdown or lipolysis. It also has the ability to decrease the fats in the liver and visceral adipose tissues. Raspberry Ketones also help control and maintain blood sugar and blood pressure levels. It also help balance the good cholesterol level. It contains significant levels of ellargic acid, a phenolic compound that fights abnormal or cancer cells. It also contains quercetin, flavonols, and anthocyanins that has been found to be effective antioxidants that protects the heart and the skin from age-related decline.

Synephrine, a semi-selective sympathomimetic, is used to stimulate the adrenaline system. Also known as ‘zhi shi’, green orange or bitter orange; it is a chief, active constituent found in the fruit belonging to the plant, Citrus aurantium. Synephrine is not only similar to ephedra in its chemical composition but also serves the same benefits as caffeine or ephedrine. However, it mildly stimulates the fat metabolism without causing any of the side effects associated with ephedra based products. The best advantage of using Synephrine is that it increases the metabolic rate without affecting the hemodynamics. Thus, it is comparatively much safer than ephedra. Since Synephrine promotes weight loss and supports thermogenesis, Synephrine supplements are an ideal solution for dieters and weight watchers. The total intake should be between 2 to 10 mg. per day.

Vitamin B6contains pyridoxal phosphate, or PLP for short, as the active ingredient and is a vitamin belonging to the B complex grouping. It is functioning mainly as a co-enzyme with others in the human body, aiding in the proper function of several metabolic processes. Neurotransmitter synthesis, as well as hemoglobin and histamine synthesis are just some of the functions of PLP, hemoglobin function, gene expression and aiding in the facilitation of decarboxylation, elimination and other reactions, mainly taking place in the liver. Vitamin B6 was found to diminish by 50% the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Alternative medicine suggests the use of Vitamin B6 to combat autism, in combination with magnesium. This combination has shown effects with children suffering from attention deficit disorders. PLP also seems to show therapeutic effects for diabetic nephropathy.

White Willow Bark, less commonly known as salix alba, is extracted from a plant native to Europe and parts of Asia. The great physician Hippocrates first mentioned the use of White willow extract in his writings in 5th century BC and it has been touted as a powerful supplement for several different uses ever since. It is commonly used as a pain reliever (particularly for back pain and arthritis), fever reducer, and inflammation reducer. Although aspirin was eventually invented using the same base as White willow extract, many purists and natural health enthusiasts prefer to use White willow extract, which is considered to be nature’s aspirin.