Betaine was named this due to the source it was discovered in, Beta vulgaris or sugar beets, is an organic compound that is deemed related to trimethylaminoethanol, or choline. To diversify it from other betaines, trimethylglycine is often called glycine betaine as well. Humans generally ingest betaine through their diet, because it is high in content in wheat, whole wheat, shellfish, sugar beets and spinach. It can also be formed in the human body out of choline. As a potential methyl donor, trimethylglycine, or TMG for short, is in the same provider group with Vitamin B12, the folic acid, choline and S-adenosyl methionine, or SAMe. TMG also plays a vital function in the production of carnitine, furthermore it works in protecting kidneys and the liver.

Caffeine is a stimulant that is used to stay awake and it gives mental alertness from fatigue. This is used as an adjunct for pain relief and also as energy accelerates. Caffeine is a non-prescription drug easily available as over the counter medication and comes in combination to acquire relief from headache and pain. Caffeine increases the mental alertness by offering the required energy for exercise training and weight loss. Caffeine cannot be considered as a mere stimulant as it reaches deep into muscles and provides power that is long lasting. Caffeine taken before any work out is also great as it fights the fatigue and keeps the person ready for the workout. Dieters also find caffeine as the solution as they feel sluggish. This is a no-calorie stimulant and does its job effectively and quickly. Caffeine anhydrous is found even in one or two coffee cups. However, this limitation is recommended as excess caffeine may result in irritability, rapid heart beat, nervousness and sleeplessness.

Cinnamon is a common spice that helps millions of people. This is of great assistance to type II diabetes sufferers that causes in middle-age and kills many people. The type II diabetes is caused when the cells start losing their ability towards responding to insulin and the hormone in the body demands excess glucose and incase glucose gets build up weight-loss, tiredness and blurred vision are few symptoms. This also leads to heart disease and blindness in extreme cases. Cinnamon extract is found to be useful in rekindling the ability of diabetics such that it can respond to insulin and this is because it has a substance called MHCP. Cinnamon extract is a natural way of regulating the levels of blood sugar. It is relatively inexpensive and is the commonly consumed spices. Moreover, MHCP present in the cinnamon extract as well as other active compounds do not exist in the spice oil and are active compounds. The type II diabetes is due to overweight and lack of exercise, however, cinnamon extract is very responsive to insulin and can prevent many patients.

Citrulline Malate is not only effective in boosting endurance but it also provides energy to the body for quick recovery. This ingredient is a mix of citrulline, involved in urea cycle and a malate which is a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate. Citrulline Malate is said to enhance the performance of muscles in patients who suffer from asthenia. Generally prescribed for antiasthenic treatments, it is also effective in controlling sensation of fatigue. Citrulline Malate is a compound which consists of citrulline, an amino acid found in water melons. According to European clinicians, it not only enhances the level of energy but also helps in increasing the feeling of well being in the human body. Citrulline Malate is sold as a dietary supplement for enhancing the performance of athletes. As a supplement, it is a salt form of the amino acid.

Creatine-Fumarate

Creatine-Succinate

Histidine is an amino acid that is essential especially in infants. The adult body produces this amino acid naturally and thus it becomes a non-essential acid. However in the case of infants this is not true. This vitamin is extremely important and children may not have sufficient Histidine. The Histidine is an originator of the Histamine which is a compound that is release by the human immune system when an allergic reaction takes place. This is also essential for the repair and growth of new tissues and helps to maintain myelin sheaths (the protectors of the nerve cells). Histidine is also needed for the production of the red and white blood cells.

L-Arginine-Fumarate is a combination of fumaric acid and arginine. It improves the metabolism of energy, that helps provide more strength and vigor. Fumarate by itself acts as an intermediate in the Krebs cycle. It helps in the transportation of fatty acids into the cell mitochondrion that generates the production of ATP. It also helps in losing weight by burning the body fats for use of energy. This also helps in burning the fats in place of lean muscles. It helps regulate the blood sugar level and blood pressure level. It helps in maintaining cardiovascular health; aiding in treating and maintaining a heart problems. L-Arginine-Fumarate does not cause any gastrointestinal problems when ingested because it is easily absorbed by the intestine.

L-Arginine-Succinate is an essential protein amino acid, which is required for normal function and healing of the body. It is particularly vital for young children and older people because it stimulates production of growth hormone. In normal conditions the body produces enough L-arginine for normal body function, but different injuries or conditions can limit the production of L-arginine in the body. It has been found to be essential for producing urea that assists in removing toxic ammonia from the body. It is also vital for producing creatine that is used by bodybuilders or athletes to enhance strength and body mass. It is also particularly helpful in healing process from sepsis, trauma, and burns. Studies also indicate its usefulness in treatment of cardiovascular disease by decreasing blood pressure and lowering the LDL (bad) cholesterol levels.

L-Glutamine- Glutamine is an amino acid which is responsible for a multitude of biochemical functions in humans. L-Glutamine is generally found in dietary sources such as chicken, beef, eggs, milk and dairy products, fish, spinach, wheat, parsley, cabbages, beans and beets. Glutamine is apparently the most common amino acid occurring naturally, furthermore this non essential amino acid is one of just a few, which are able to directly cross the blood brain barrier. In the human body, L-Glutamine is found in the skeletal muscles, but also in the blood. Besides the vital biological functions, such as fuel for brain, blocking cortisol induced protein catabolism, immune function assistance, protein synthesis and in DNA synthesis, L-Glutamine is used as a supplement for ailing and injured, improving recovery, but also as muscle growth agent in body building and athletic circles.

L-Taurine , a semi-essential amino acid found in the heart muscle, central nervous system, white blood cells, and skeletal muscle, may not be as popular as other types of aminos such as glutamine, but is extremely crucial. It is also vital for metabolism. While taurine is made in adults’ bodies, newborns cannot make it. If the body fails to produce it in sufficient quantities, it is possible to correct this deficiency by using L-Taurine supplements. You are likely to get enough taurine if you are a meat eater since it is found in abundance in eggs, meats, fish proteins, and dairy products. Generally, vegetarians and women of all ages are at a greater risk of developing a L-Taurine deficiency. It is possible to treat depression, low sperm count, low sperm motility, high blood pressure, and cirrhosis using this supplement.

L-Tyrosine is a protein non-essential building block Although non-essential it is important for the structure of body proteins. It has a direct effect on neurotransmitters.

Monosodium Phosphate is used as a laxative and in combination with other sodium phosphates, as a pH buffer. Like sodium phosphate, monosodium phosphate is also used to build strong teeth and/or restore tooth enamel.

Niacinamide, also known as Nicotinamide is water-soluble and usually found in Vitamin B3. It is normally seen in different dietary supplements as well as energy medications. One good thing about the Niacinamide is that compared to other water soluble vitamins, it does not contain any harmful effects such as flushing or even skin irritations. Niacinamide also has an anti-inflammatory property, because of this, Niacinamide is also being used to cure acne and other kinds of skin diseases. It can either be taken orally, or some kinds of medications include this in their formula as a topical cream or even as a topical gel.

Picamilon , also known as nicotinoyl-GABAm Pycamilon, Pikamilon, is formed by combining niacin with GABA. It is basically a dietary supplement. All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Soviet Union developed this dietary supplement in 1969. It was further studied in Japan and Russia as a prodrug of GABA. In the United States, picamilon is sold as a dietary supplement whereas in Russia, the same drug picamilon is sold as a prescription drug. Picamilon hydrolyzes into GABA and niacin by crossing the blood brain barrier. In theory, the released GABA receptors would activate and potentially produce an anxiolytic response. It also releases a second component known as niacin. Niacin then acts as a strong vasodilator. This niacin then comes in use for the treatment of migraine heaaches.

Sodium is part of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular creatures, not least mankind. It is needed for instance in nerve conduction and to balance the acid levels in the body. It is necessary for the functioning of organs such as the liver, intestine and kidneys in their work of ridding the body of toxins However there is an optimum intake. Above this there are problems such as a rise in the blood pressure. Also an excess of salt in the diet will draw fluid out of the cells by the process of osmosis. On the other hand a lack of sodium will lead to too much water in the body the brains cells will actually be flooded.

Vitamin B12- Also called Riboflavin, B2 is a water absorbed vitamin of which the body must replenish its supplies each day as it cannot be stored. It is necessary for the production of red blood cells and, like the other B vitamins, it works at supporting it supports energy production by helping in the metabolism of various foods.B2 is required for healthy skin as well as hair growth, the nails and has a role in regulating the activity of the thyroid gland. It is also necessary in order that the body can process amino acids found in proteins and fats and to activate vitamin B6 and folic acid.

Vitamin B6contains pyridoxal phosphate, or PLP for short, as the active ingredient and is a vitamin belonging to the B complex grouping. It is functioning mainly as a co-enzyme with others in the human body, aiding in the proper function of several metabolic processes. Neurotransmitter synthesis, as well as hemoglobin and histamine synthesis are just some of the functions of PLP, hemoglobin function, gene expression and aiding in the facilitation of decarboxylation, elimination and other reactions, mainly taking place in the liver. Vitamin B6 was found to diminish by 50% the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Alternative medicine suggests the use of Vitamin B6 to combat autism, in combination with magnesium. This combination has shown effects with children suffering from attention deficit disorders. PLP also seems to show therapeutic effects for diabetic nephropathy.